Ethical Guidance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Guidance - Essay Example Interpretations 'f the rules and rulings issued by the AICPA to answer specific questions regarding members' ethical conduct supplement the principles and rules and, in combination, provide guidance to auditors making decisions about ethical dilemmas. The model 'f the decision-making process implied by the combination 'f these Code elements is conservative, however, and may not fully capture all the actual influences on auditors' decisions. This study proposes and tests an alternative model in comparison with the AICPA Code-implied model. (Jeffrey 2004, 553-579) When faced with an ethical dilemma, an auditor must gather and analyze data from many sources. It is likely that auditors gather and analyze these data in many different ways. One benefit 'f a model 'f auditors' ethical decision making is that the model elements can be identified and tested to better understand how and why the decisions are made. In this section the decision model implied by the AICPA Code is delineated and compared with other existing models. (Martin 2007, 5-14) Numerous professional accounting, financial, and auditing organizations have separately adopted codes 'f ethics. Most practicing internal, public, and governmental auditors are associated with one or more 'f these organizations and have voluntarily submitted to the respective codes 'f conduct which restrict activities beyond the legal statutes binding the general citizenry. Comparisons 'f these codes indicate that there are significant common components across many 'f them, but also that omissions and potential conflicts exist Unlike most other codes, the AICPA Code provides specific guidance in using both rules and principles to conservatively resolve conflicts. The chairman 'f the committee drafting the restructured Code described the application 'f principles in the following manner: 'guided by the basic principles in the Standards of Professional Conduct, members must exercise professional and moral judgments in all their activities. Within the added principles section 'f the AICPA Code, members are called 10 an "unswerving commitment to honourable behaviour, even at the sacrifice 'f personal advantage" (AICPA 1988). This description 'f the AICPA Code implies an exceptionally conservative decision model. According to the Code-implied model, an accountant or auditor must be aware 'f the principles, rules, interpretations, and rulings promulgated by the AICPA. When facing an ethical dilemma, an auditor compares the dilemma situation with these elements 'f the Code and makes a decision to avoid any possible violation. To follow this decision model without exception would lead to increasingly conservative decisions in which the gray area calling for auditor judgment is reduced. That is, when an ethical dilemma situation is addressed within the Code each new level 'f guidance adds restrictions which require auditors to follow promulgated rules and principles without deviation. This model is illustrated in figure 1 and discussed below. At the legal level, CPAs are constrained from complete decision-making freedom. For example, a CPA

Globalization and Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Globalization and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example As a highly diverse company, 3M Optical's basic strength has been the core values that its has inherited from its mother company. These have served it in good times as well as bad. The sheer diversity of the company as it has traced its journey from mining to manufacturing of various products. The image of a company is a reputable one. It has a high degree of quality owing to its state of the art testing and development lab. Also, it has been known since its founding days, for bringing together the best technicians in the field under one roof. (Bartlett et al, 1999) Further, the company has at its disposable a huge resource base owing to the fact that it is an old company that has been acquiring these resources for the longest time. Other than that, it has a high capacity for production as well as the best brains working on it. The company also works along the principles of creativity - whether in its labs or outside of it. This has been one of the major reasons that have contributed to diversity in its product profile. (Bartlett et al, 1999) 3M is a company that is in strong need of a new image. The lack of the same has taken away from its core marketing values. The company has been so engrossed in founding and establishing new technologies that it has almost let marketing and branding take a backseat. Further, this has led to stagnation as far as growth and sales figures are concerned in the commercial sense. (Bartlett et al, 1999) The company's weaknesses lie in the fact that it needs to match it expansion with appropriate handling of the human capital within the company. This has led to a point where there is no freshness or motivation within the company and among its employees. (Bartlett et al, 1999) There needs to be more focus on the industrial relations practices that are followed within the organization. Owing to the type of products being produced, there is a certain monotonous tone to the activities within the organization. Further, managing corporate entrepreneurship has been an activity that has not been carried out very well in lieu of the expansion that the company is surging towards. This is due to the fact that there are no well structured lines of interaction and communication within the organization to match the growth in activities. (Achrol, 1997) Entrepreneurial Strategy There is a lot that can be done as far as this company is concerned. The CEO has already set the ball rolling with a new focus on shifting the focus towards gaining a competitive foothold in the global marketplace. This has been apparent in the new policies now followed by the company. In addition, a focus on creating a brand identity is a key measure that will

Coaching & Leading Essay Example for Free

Coaching Leading Essay One of the major findings of studies on creativity and is that creativity and inspiration are very much correlated with â€Å"intrinsic motivation†, for example, if a person is enjoying what he/she is doing, the person is likely to be highly inspired and creative that when such a person is working so as to attain something else. For instance McGuinness (2007) explains that, Anne Sexton a poet told her producer that though she would like to make lots of money through writing poems, she needs to â€Å"forget everything about money’ so as to really write the poems. Coaching has been known to facilitate intrinsic motivation and inspiration through asking questions and giving observational feedback in a manner that assists those being coached (coachees) to focus on the immediate task. Timothy Galway author of The Inner Game of Tennis: Random House said that, â€Å"it did not appear to matter if he praised or criticized his tennis players, since both of these has a negative impact on the game† (p, 32). Even a well intended praise resulted in the player loss concentration, because the player started judging him/her self and hope that their subsequent shot would be great as the past one. Thus, Gallwey (1997) stopped praising the players. Inspiration and creative flow At its highest, intrinsic inspiration and absorption in inspired work can result to creative flow, which is described by McGuinness (2007) as a nearly automatic, natural, yet greatly state of awareness. Creative flow in a person mind results in peak performance of that person. Coaching is attributed to creating this inspiration that results in creative flow. Individuality (enabling others) Creative individuals are notably idiosyncratic, to them; there is no ‘correct way’ or ‘best practice’ in inventive work. Coaching generally helps in advancing the individuality of a person and enabling him reach his/her peak performance and abilities though guidance and encouragement from the leader (McGuinness, 2007). This can also be done through balancing skills and challenges, the leader can match the task o be performed with the abilities of the employees, through coaching or training these employees can be assisted to overcome their weakness. Goal setting Goals are fundamental to coaching; it has asserted that without any goal, then the leader will not be coaching effectively. For any particular task or assignment, the leader should make sure that goals set are well understood by those involved, and the goals are well balanced between inspiring task and measurable achievement. Crane (2007) note that goal setting is able to inspire an employee. No worry in failing: Empowering Coaching operates on the presumption that it’s fine to make errors, as long as these errors serve as experiences and lessons to the person. Through providing correct feedbacks about the performance of a person and demanding that the person learns for his/her errors, the leader ensures makes sure that failures are reduced and become less repeated and less serious. Through creating a responsible but supportive atmosphere, the leader assist his/her people to spend little time being worried about failing and more time endeavouring for excellence. This Crane (2007) explains is the way coaching empowers employees. The affect and influence of diversity on coaching Pohlman and Gardiner (2000) explain that, business leaders and managers are also part of the wider society and have to deal with challenges brought by diversity in their organizations. Those leaders and managers that are well prepared to deal with these challenges and exploit advantages of diversity will probably be successful by being effectual coaches in a diverse organization. Discriminatory practices are common within the society and, sometimes, these practices emerge in the workplace which could cause critical challenges for leaders and managers. Unjust issues of discrimination usually stem from societal prejudices, stereotypes as well as propaganda. Rather, than carrying on societal prejudices and treating employees unjustly based on the stereotypes and propaganda, business leaders and managers can use leadership and coaching the responds to the diversity by focusing on performance of each group and developing them progressively on the basis of their level of willingness to assume new responsibilities. As Pohlman and Gardiner (2000) asserts diversity cam lead to disaster with advancement programs like coaching and mentoring, the advancement programs such as mentoring and coaching are all an element of work performance and lack of understanding of diversity‘s affect on these processes, including who is being coached and who is coaching him/her, can influence the performance of workers. The issue of diversity requires that coaches examine a person beliefs and values together with understanding the skills that are required to suitably deal with these beliefs and values. Parsloe and Wray (2000) assert that, diversity just like communication is a reality in modern organizations. It is real and permanent; therefore its acceptance is a prerequisite of life if a coach is operate effectively in a coaching situation. Diversity makes work place to be more lively, interesting and less boring. At the same time it makes the coaching experience to be more challenging and very unpredictable. As Parsloe and Wray (2000) observes, it is common for coaches to be become upset by individuals’ actions, attitudes and general behaviours in a diverse work teams and group environment in present day workforce. Some of those actions, attitudes and behaviours nay make the coach or the leader or even other workers uncomfortable since they challenge their strongly held beliefs and values, which have been cemented in their subconscious minds over many years. Since a lot of organizations attempt to improve their productivity as well as competencies against their rivals, one tendency is attempting to cultivate a learning culture in their businesses. In order to attain this attempt, the leaders’ role ought to be transformed to developmental coach or leader who focuses much more on supporting workers to learn and make improvement to their competencies and motivation. To be highly successful in managing a diverse workforce, leaders involved in coaching must lead through incorporating coaching models and effective communication. Leaders should not just be conscious of their leading styles and adapt properly to employees willingness but must be conscious of their won individual traits regarding communication with their employees, this will strongly influence and establish their style of coaching. In a diverse setting Parsloe and Wray (2000) explain that the there are four coaching styles that can be adapted by the leader: †¢ Senser: the leader focuses on action and getting directly to the point †¢ Intuitor: the leader coaches the diverse group by sharing ideas, theories and concepts, and through motivating and inspiring focusing on the future. †¢ Feeler: the leader provides support and attention to the group and talks about the past †¢ Thinker: here the leader stays focused on rules, facts information and stipulated processes The coach has to comprehend emotional intelligence and strive to increase the performance of diverse workforce through self-conscious and being ware of his/her coaching style when leading.

How do the films address and represent indian national identity?

How do the films address and represent indian national identity? Its a fairly well-known fact that the Indian film industry is the most active in the world, producing more number of movies each year than any other (including Hollywood). Few of those films, however, reach the international market. Occasionally, however, a worthwhile picture causes enough people to take notice that it becomes a favourite on the international film festival circuit. The movie Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995) directed by Mani Rathnam crossed the National boundaries. Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995), which deals Kashmir terrorism and the riots in Bombay after the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya by Hindu fundamentalists. Roja (1992), a patriotic love story against the backdrop of Kashmir terrorism, was dubbed from Tamil language and released in Hindi and other languages became a huge success all over the nation. The movie depicts a serious theme of ‘National Integration after the war between India and Pakistan on a territorial dispute in Kashmir borders. The local militants group of Islamist in Pakistan who seek to claim Kashmir initiated the war. The movie created an awareness of growing terrorism in Kashmir borders. Mani Rathnam was critically acclaimed for the theme chosen (National Integration) after its release. Roja revolves around one Mans love for his motherland and a wifes unfailing love for her husband. Rishi Kumar (Aravind swamy) is the lead (character) in the movie. Mani Rathnam films focus not much on individual characters but on complex plots and events of history. Roja won the national award for the best film and is regularly screened on Indian state television following Independ ence Day promoting â€Å"National integration†. It was a turning point in Indian cinema to portray a different genre with delicate music. The story line is about how a girl, who never crossed her village boundaries managed to bring her husband back from the terrorists trap in Kashmir. The message conveyed through the movie is wanted â€Å"peace† between the borders of India and Pakistan. Mani Ratnam always in his movie addresses the historical events of the nation that created any social difficulty. I will be analysing Roja, how it address the Indian national identity with key factors glorified in the movie. The movie was shot at different locations, southern and northern parts in India but the thrilling part was at Kashmir mountains where the terrorists set up their plot. The characters in the movie are well presented. The hero (Rishi) in negating his given religious identity in the first instance he embraces the terrorists leader saying hum ‘‘koi nahi hain† (we are none) but then he claims a name saying â€Å"hum sirf Indian hain† (we are Indians). It is also a kind of melodrama with a message of â€Å"National Integration† in it. (Ravi S.Vasudevan, 1996). The music of the film added success through emphasizing different Indian culture and the music was drawn on folklore, example in a song, gang of ladies singing and dancing with traditional Indian village costume depicting the National Identity. Much of Roja is set in Kashmir, which was formerly used as the major location for romance in Hindi movies, drawing on its association of earthly paradise, but which features rarely now because of political unrest and terrorism. One of the most memorable scene from the film is when the hero, Rishi, is taunted by his captors, Kashmiri separatists, who burn the Indian flag, where Rishi throws himself on it and catches fire, to the words of a song by the nationalist Tamil poet Subramania Bharathi â€Å"India is dearer to me than life† evoked the patriotism to intense. Music of the film represents the culture identities of different locations. The camera movements were glorifying especially in the chase scene where the hero Rishi (Aravind Swamy) tries to flee from the place where he was abducted by the terrorists. Cinematography of the film has been a major credit in representing the Indian National Identity through picturising the different geographical entity. It was watching thriller putting ourselves in the situation. Roja was well received by the audience in spite of some critical findings as it signifies peaceful relations between the two countries. The film turned to be huge success even catching the attention of international audience tapping into the growing fear of terrorists attacks across the world. Mani Rathnam second film Bombay (1995), has a central narrative of an inter communal marriage between a South Indian male and a Muslim girl in India, marked it as the most anxiously awaited film to be released. The board of censor and public response to the film were controversial after its release. The movie was dubbed from Tamil (south Indian) language to other different languages to spread the message of â€Å"unity† among the Indian religions across the nation. Bombay (1995) is a film based on communal riots, provoked by the demolition of the Babri Masjid (Mosque) by Hindu fundamentalist in December 1992. Mani Rathnam the director of Bombay has revolutionized the Indian Film Industry with technically strong films that are beautifully visualised conveying some kind of social message in it. It was the first film to portray the Muslim victims of the Bombay riots sympathetically. He sees his work as plea for peace between Hindu and Muslim. Instead, however it brought a permanently brewing conflict back to boil. He consulted Hindu majorities and Muslim minorities in this research. I believe that Mani Rathnam is concerned very much about the social issues happening across the country, that he gave a movie Bombay and a message in it. Indian audience come to theatre looking for some entertainment, so the movie is portrayed with social representations relied on melodrama and music. Religious conflict has addressed the national identity in film Bombay. The film Bombay begins as a romantic drama depicting the growing love between a Hindu man (Aravind swamy) and a Muslim woman (Manisha koirala). Bombay was an inspiration on the history of events that happened in December 1992. The Hindu fundamentalists around India, who demanded the building of a temple at Ramas (Indian god) birthday place in Ayodhya, on a site then occupied by the a mosque was demolished, which initiated the (Bombay riots).(Dwyer Rachel,2006). I will analyse the production, reception, theme and the national identity that the movie exemplify. The characters of the film are given great importance specifically, shekhar (Arvind swamy) a student studying journalism in Bombay and shaila banu(Manisha koirala) a Muslim schoolgirl in the village. Eventually, they both fall in love. The marriage proposal was denied by both the parents because of religious conflict. Shekhar with shaila elope to Bombay, where they start a new life away from their parents. Although Bombay and Roja solicit quite different sentiments, both arise from a similar subjectivity that of a hero presented with the characteristics notations of professional identity, cosmopolitan, ideological humanism, rationalism, and marginalization of religion. Although the film was about Bombay, it was shot in constructed sets at Madras. The art director Thotta Tharani constructed small town sets of Bombay in limited production value that looked like Bombay. Inspired by the documentation and re-creation of the Vietnam war, Rajiv Menon the cinematographer took for his models of ‘Apocalypse Now'( 1979 ) and the ‘Killing Fields (1984 ) to convey a heightened sense of reality in Bombay that was horrifying yet to be ‘stunning and beautiful (Lalitha Gopalan, 2005, p.21). The music by A.R Rahman was extraordinarily moving and the back ground score was emotionally evoking the sense of patriotism. The songs were beautifully picturised across South India and they portray different culture. Especially the song ‘Kannalanae/with my eyes depicts the Indian tradition of celebrating a marriage ceremony. Most of the Bollywood cinemas contain elements of music, comedy and melodrama, as the tradition and culture in India posses it. The film was set to be released in 1994 but a series of events involving the Board of Censors in Bombay and Madras, sensitivity to reminding Muslim of the campaign against them appears to underlie the censor boards deletion of the following visuals of the Babri Masjid and its demolition. The protests from two communal groups and the instructions from police delayed the film release until April 1995. Political and religious entity portrays the identity of the nation state. Bombay did not receive a warm welcome from the audience; instead several forms of protest were raised. The Muslim community started sending letters to editors of newspaper and many theatres were ransacked. Director Rathnam has shown great courage in making this picture (bombs were thrown at his house after its release), showing the aversion towards the subject. Later the movie was a great success in spite of chaos happening all over the country. The movie crossed the National boundaries and gained some international recognition. Bombay brings out the climax scene very well showing a human chain symbolically denoting the end of riots and reunites that still remains memorable. The film thereby sets out a symbolic representation of a common enough past, present and future logic. The film is an appeal for unity and peace in Hindu and Muslim within the nation. Roja and Bombay are the films which engaged with contemporary issues about Indian nation state. There is a suggestion here that the films vision of bringing to an end of antagonism nevertheless entails the reproduction of difference. The film projects a transcendent secular modernity and national identity square with its production. These films offered a universal identification to Indian cinema. Broadly speaking Nation can defined in seven ways in Indian subcontinent. They are Ancient civilization entity, composite culture, political entity, religious entity, geographical territorial entity and unity of Nation. Roja and Bombay is composed of all these entities represent the National Identity. Robert Pascals Theory on Icy Moons | Analysis Robert Pascals Theory on Icy Moons | Analysis In Robert Pascals research article, Physiochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons, Pascal presents different hypotheses of the formation of life on icy moons compared to life on Earth. Liquid water, free energy, and organic matter are the three essential components to start the origin of life. In addition, the complexity of the environment and the structure of the entity itself are also essential to the formation of life. On these icy moons, Pascal states that there would have been an event which was highly unlikely, taking place to combine these components. These events are considered, because our knowledge of astrobiology is only limited within the parameters of Earth. On icy moons, life will be significantly simpler than of life on Earth due to the insufficiency of the components used to start the origins of life. The first component is liquid water, water plays a major role in creating life on Earth and most of the living organisms on Earth grow in wet environments. The properties of water being a solvent and to be able to dissolve mostly everything allow organisms to evolve in different environments. The second component is organic matter which is present in minerals. Organic matter is combined together with water and energy in a long process to help the entity grow its structure. The third component is energy which allows an endergonic reaction to take place to create a chemical reaction with water and organic matter. Kinetic barriers are also formed by existing energy around the entity which depends on the temperature in the environment during the origin of life process allowing system to maintain its equilibrium state and further evolve. In addition, the entity must be capable of reproducing itself leading to the evolution of the entity. The second law of thermodynamics is applied to demonstrate how the entity maintains its equilibrium state coupled with a form of stability, called dynamic kinetic stability (Robert Pascal, 2016) which enables the entity to reproduce itself towards an irreversible stage. Considering all theories and conclusions researchers have come to, Pascal states that the final parameters which determine how the origin of life will be formed is the covalent bonds of the entity relative to the liquid water around it, the temperature of the environment where the entity resides, liquid water, and an energy source equivalent to light. The origin of life of different extra-terrestrial systems depends on the complexity of the evolution of the entity and the complexity of its environment. The oceans on Jupiter and Saturns icy moons have a significantly lower temperature environment compared to the Earth, with no light or alternative energy source that would reach the entity to start any kinetic irreversibility leading to a conclusion that an event that was highly unlikely would have taken place to start the origin of life process in the oceans of the icy moons. It is believed that on the icy moons, chemical gradients are contained between the crust and the ocean which meets the criteria of the origin of life on Earth. Pascal uses the knowledge of astrobiology within the parameters of Earth to present three hypotheses about how life would form on these icy moons. The first hypothesis is called panspermia, which is the theory of the origin of life would have originated from microorganisms from outer space, which upon reaching a suitable environment, is able to initiate life. The second hypothesis considered entities that have experienced conditions that would allow the entity to take in liquid water through the environment and solar energy by exchanges through the atmosphere. The second hypothesis was deemed incompatible as the time duration of the process would be too short for the process of chemiosmosis. The third hypothesis was the subduction process in the ocean which would have activated chemicals capable of feeding the chemical protometabolisms. This shows that including the present day knowledge of astrobiology and the origin of life process, the origin of life process in the oceans of icy m oons must also include an event that would be highly unlikely of taking place as the formation of life on different extra-terrestrial systems depend on the complexity of its environment and the evolution of the entity itself. In Pascals Physiochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons, the information in the hypotheses about the formation of life on icy moons are limited, because our knowledge of astrobiology is only limited within the parameters of Earth. Reference List Earth, P., Panspermia, H. and Panspermia, R. (2017). PANSPERMIA THEORY origin of life on Earth directed panspermia lithopanspermia meteorites Panspermia Theory. [online] Panspermia-theory.com. Available at: http://www.panspermia-theory.com/ [Accessed 20 Mar. 2017]. Khan Academy. (2017) Khan Academy, [online] Available at: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/history-of-life-on-earth/history-life-on-earth/a/hypotheses-about-the-origins-of-life [Accessed 20 Mar. 2017].

Weapons & Tools Depcited in Art :: essays research papers fc

Tools and Weapons in Art Since the dawn of mankind, humans have crafted tools to assist them in their daily lives. From the first rock thrown in anger, to the first tree branch used to dig, society’s relationship to tools and weapons has been represented in all of the visual arts. Throughout our textbook I have interpreted the recurring theme of tools and weapons in the arts. From the opening chapter we examine â€Å"Perseus Holding the Head of Medusa† Fig. 0.1 (Sporre 12). His relationship with his weapon appears both proud and protective as he positions his sword away from his body opposite it’s target – the head of Medusa. It almost seems as if Perseus has stepped in between a fight amongst two quarreling school children, holding his weapon aside as the innocent party and the head of Medusa as the instigator. And though this piece is anatomically from a distance, a closer look reveals many details were left out; nipples, eyebrows, etc. However, the handle of the sword seems to have an abundant of detail in the decoration. This indicates the artist put considerable thought into this weapons appearance. Later in chapter one, we are reminded that cavemen did not invent the wheel. In â€Å"Ashurnasirpal II killing lions† Fig. 1.6 (Sporre 37), the rendering of an early Sumerian chariot clearly highlights the magnificent tool as utilized for transportation. Note the fine lines, the intricate detail on the hub of the wheel, and even detail on the spokes. When taken as a whole, the wheel in this carving is more prominent than the people riding in the chariot. Again, in chapter two, we find another piece where the weapon ends up being the center of focus. It is difficult to tell if any one work of art intended for the weapons to figure so prominently, but collectively there is certainly a subconscious emphasis on them. In â€Å"The Pan Painter, Attic Red Figure Krater† Fig. 2.7 (Sporre 58) the weapon is clearly the focal point. The vast negative space contrasting with the thin, but balanced bow and arrow draw ones eye right to the area. Furthermore, the weapon in this particular vase painting is the impetus for the entire scene. Without the weapon, Artemis would not be shooting Actaeon. It is difficult to look at these weapons without noticing the great detail in both the weapon and its accessories. In this particular piece the artist went so far as to include a detailed arrow quiver complete with strap.

Use of Mise en Scene in the Chen Kaiges Movie Yellow Earth :: Movie Film Essays

Use of Mise en Scene in the Chen Kaige's Movie Yellow Earth The movie Yellow Earth by Chen Kaige utilizes mise en scene to encompass the full power of the messages that are being sent throughout the movie. By allotting the abundant use of mise en scene instead of montages, the audience is better able to grasp the in depth of the struggles in the film. Using montages would take away from the surroundings, due to the quick shots adding various scenes together to create a meaningful message, which would be lost in the editing. Most audiences would never grasp the overwhelming landscape unless seen in a continuous mise en scene shot. When the soldier (Gu) helps Hanhan and the father plow the fields, the audience gains a sense for the surroundings. We are better able to understand how the surroundings may be a haven of sorts, yet at the same time act as the entrapment that these people have to cope with. The land is magnificent and imposing, giving a sense of space and freedom, yet at the same time completely trapping the people in a noman’ s land, with no way out. The land provides for its people, yet at the same time they are its mercy. (Rottentomatoes.com) One of the most powerful scenes in the movie, is when Qiaocui learns the plans for her wedding. The scene is introduced with the father talking to a woman, Qiaocui enters the house and the woman leaves. The shot encompasses both father and daughter as the father tells Qiaucui about her upcoming wedding. As he continues to talk the camera focuses on Qiaucui – even though her father is the speaker. This is an overwhelming moment for the girl, which we are able to see through the reaction in her eyes. The continuous shot of only Qiaucui allows the audience to understand the depth of her disappointment and suffering. This is a vital moment in her life, and thus allowing the focus to fully encompass her reaction gives her reaction that much more power.

Proper Ways of Getting Student Visa

Proper ways of getting student visa in any country is very difficult but if anyone knows the terms there will be no problem at all. How a student will complete every process in a proper way. Maximum students face some tout people or we can say some tout agencies whose main purpose is to steal money from other and specially they target the poor students most of the time. The student face hoodwinks and lost everything because they didn’t know the proper way. Sometimes they face difficulties like unknown environment, money problem, house problem, college/university problem and etc. So if a student has a good knowledge of getting correct student visa, which is very important. That’s because we are researching on this topic to collect maximum amount of correct and helpful information from different sources. Thesis Statement In our research paper, we are going to discuss about the basic requirements for a student of student visa, different types of process of getting visa, and visa consultant’s suggestions and interviews. We also include the terms and condition of getting visa of some particular country like Australia, UK, Turkey. While applying for a student visa we need to know what the basic requirements of a country are. There are lots of regulations but the basic or core requirements are the same for every country in the world. Education qualification, Additional qualification, Financial solvency are the three basic requirements of a student visa. While collecting information about student visa process we found this type of information from one of chosen person for interview was a Visa secretary and Public Relation Officer of Embassy of the Republic of Turkey, Sk. Haider Ali. He is working there for 24 years and an experience person at visa section. He told us â€Å"To apply for a student visa, the enthusiastic student must know the requirements; those are Education qualification, Additional qualification, Financial solvency. † We search this kind of information in the first step. † So first thing the student’s should remind of, he or she has to be well educated. Then they must provide their education certificates. At first, giving student visa there was few rules which student had to follow, there are still rules but moderated by time by our government. A good who has very good result in his or her educational life, they will have the advantage of apply for the student visa but recently that rule is changed by collaborating both our government and the embassies of the world in our country. The recent rule is that, student can apply but in a range. For example, In German scholarship or student visa, student who have scored 4. 50 in his higher secondary school certificate is the minimum requirement. Above 4. 5 the students can apply. Then they will check the student’s documents and will call for interview for final selection. There they will select the best candidate who will have scholarships or student visa. Actually student of Bangladesh search for scholarship rather than student visa because they can get benefits as a scholarship student. Then the second basic requirement is the additional qualification. Additional qualifications means that the students extra qualities like, different types of certificates, language efficiency, IELTS, TOFEL, GMET, etc. are. Student must have a IELTS or GMET to get scholarship. Different countries ask for different score. For example, Australian Embassy asks 7. 0 as a minimum IELTS score for interested student applied for scholarships. After that, it comes financial solvency. Each and every country and embassy ask for financial solvency because if the student faces some difficulties his/her parents must have enough financial support in case of emergency. This process is mandatory for each and every student who want to apply for student visa or scholarships. For example , one of the Australian Embassy’s policies is that the student’s parents have to show 22 lakh taka in their financial solvency. When a student wants to go abroad for higher study they must know the basic requirements of a student visa. But only knowing them is not enough. They must have to know the proper ways of getting it. The best way to know about any kind of scholarships or student visa availability is to visit the Embassy of the country which a student is willing to go. Then they should ask everything about requirements and other necessary things which will be needed. The steps they will tell the students are the correct. But some cases there are some agencies working with the embassy. Such as USA Embassy, UK Embassy, Italy Embassy and some other Embassies have their registered visa agencies in our country. The students can go there and find important information. Students must come to embassies to collect proper information about this kind of agencies. In this case, students face hoodwinks. For not knowing the correct information they face many problems. Fraud people steal money from them and don’t show after a few days later. So the students first go to the embassy for information, then they should ask about their having any kind of agencies. So students should be careful about this. Going to the embassy directly is the best way but there is another way of getting student visa. The agencies, they are setting a business here. Actually, some of this agencies are authorized by the government. They help the government and the students to get visa. Their job is to provide information about scholarships or student visa and the culture and other important things to the students. They collect passport and other important document from the students and send it to the embassies for visas. After that, they tell the students who get to face an interview and take them to the interview. A agency like BSB Foundation is well known to all by now. They have link to every embassy but they are able to help students sending them to Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Japan and few other countries in the world. Overseas Student Consoling Services Bangladesh, Atlas Education Consultants and different agencies are also well known in our country. There is another way a student can apply for student visa. Although, a student get to face an interview most of the time when they apply to a university and they invited him/her. Like that, student get the chance to apply before giving interview. The process is simple. Every year the embassies agencies or different countries universities or colleges come to visit Bangladesh and arranged study fair to offer them to visit their universities or colleges for higher study. There student get the most of the advantages. Students are selected their by the faculty members of the offered universities or colleges. Then, they send their documents to the embassy for visa process and they found much easier than other processes. But these kind of fairs arranged very few in our country. Specially USA, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Sweden, Germany, etc. country arrange study fair most of the times. So it is another way of getting visa and it is proper way too. But students who are interested to apply for a student visa, they must know the information very well. The suggestions are simple, if they want to go abroad, they should apply for the scholarships and visit the website of their own chosen universities or colleges. If they want to go on their own money rather than scholarships, they might face so many problems. Student visa has many formalities. Although there are rules and regulations but students face difficulties. Many students don’t get the chance to apply for. It depends on the embassies. Few of the embassy don’t hesitate giving student visa. But most of them don’t want to give because after giving student visa, they go abroad and start business there of their own which is illegal. Because of this reason embassies don’t want to give student visa. They give student visa but not to everyone. As a matter of fact, some agencies are doing this kind of illegal business. They stay near embassies which are very popular are very crowded, they ask every single person. There students got stuck. Because they don’t know they are authorized or not. Then they face hoodwink. Many agencies tell the students that they are legal but ultimately they are not. They provide visas to the students but when they go abroad they don’t find anything they were told that they will find, The students who face hoodwink, they don’t find themselves studying but working for their food. So students must be careful about this kind of situation. They must collect information and solid information. What we are telling is the way and alerting the students how they will face problems. So that, they should be careful about getting visa. But recently that hoodwink is reducing because of our government. They are trying everything to stop because most of the fraud people are from the government. The most effective step was to create the MRP (Machine Readable Passport). For this, a very little chance of facing trouble for the students. In that passport everyone’s information is given by a number. Inputting that number they will see every detail information about a person. For that every embassies are asking the students to bring MRP Passport before visiting embassy. Due to shortage of time and some difficulties we were unable to take interviews. Actually we didn’t get permission to take interviews. But we were able to take an interview. His name is Sk. Haider Ali. He is Visa Secretary & PRO of Embassy of The Republic of Turkey and a experience person at this sector and rules. We ask him, â€Å"Sir, What are the basic requirements you search in students who want to go to your country with student visa? He answered, â€Å"To apply for a student visa, the enthusiastic student must know the requirements, those are Education qualification, Additional qualification, financial solvency. † We search this kind of information in the first step. † Then, â€Å"Do you search any kind of information about the student’s background? † He replied, â€Å"No, we don’t because when a student applies to us they have to bring the certificates of his/her education, they must attach those documents from Education Ministry and Foreign Ministry. If they attached the documents, that means his/her documents or certificates are clear. † We also asked him, â€Å"Can students face difficulties when they will go there to study? If, then what kind of difficulties they might face there? † He again answered, â€Å"Basically who ever go there don’t face many problems. The problems they might face is to cope with the environment because it is new to them, and they might also face food problem and house problem. If they got scholarship then they won’t be facing these problems. â€Å"What kind of suggestion do you want to give to the students who want to get student visa and want to go abroad? † We again asked. â€Å"The main suggestion is that, who ever want to go to abroad they first come to the embassy and ask what will be important and want kind of documents they need to show to us. Another one is that there is a lot of tout people around us, so be careful and be safe from them. If they find you, t hey won’t let you leave without giving them lot of money. † He replied.